《指示對語篇世界建構(gòu)的定位功能：<阿麗思游記>的文體學研究》以Werth（1995，1999）的語篇世界理論為依據(jù)，分析劉易斯卡羅爾筆下的《阿麗思游記》，旨在考察讀者如何通過指示系統(tǒng)建構(gòu)敘事作品的語篇世界，進而感受語篇的美學色彩。
作為語言表達的一項基本功能，指示是哲學、語言學、敘事學等領(lǐng)域共同關(guān)注的恒久課題。傳統(tǒng)指示理論主要針對脫離語境范疇的句子層面，讀者在語篇層面對指示定位功能的解讀過程則少有人問津。
通過考察《阿麗思游記》的指示系統(tǒng)，《指示對語篇世界建構(gòu)的定位功能：<阿麗思游記>的文體學研究》主要關(guān)注其如何在虛擬的語境中發(fā)揮定位功能。該功能基于指示將語言指向特定時間、空間和人物這一本質(zhì)屬性。為了便于分析讀者在閱讀《阿麗思游記》時如何感知指示系統(tǒng)的定位功能，本研究將語篇世界的建構(gòu)過程分為界定與轉(zhuǎn)換兩個環(huán)節(jié)；相應(yīng)的，指示系統(tǒng)在其間的定位功能也包括兩個方面。這一功能首先體現(xiàn)在由“我”、“此時”、“此地”等因素界定認知空間的過程，文本中的指示語為語篇定位確立空間，它們限定讀者認知空間的基本參數(shù)與語篇世界的時空界限，并對其中的成分加以界定。這些細節(jié)在語篇世界理論中均被視為建構(gòu)語篇世界的基本元素，構(gòu)成了事件得以展開的認知背景。其次，受可能世界理論的影響，語篇世界理論認為在語篇解讀過程中，會發(fā)生不同世界之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，如讀者所處的現(xiàn)實世界、作品呈現(xiàn)的文本世界、敘事者為中心的世界、某一角色為中心的世界等等，不同世界的指示域各有不同。在不同世界之間的相互映射中，指示系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了多重層次的認知空間，使讀者在世界轉(zhuǎn)換過程中可以采用或觀摩多重視角（定位的出發(fā)點不再是“我”、“此時”與“此地”）。
目錄：
Abstract
Chapter1Introduction
1.1Preliminaries
1.2Objectivesandmethodologicalconsiderations
1.3Outlineofthedissertation
Chapter2PreviousResearchonDeixis
2.1Introduction
2.2Philosophicalapproach
2.3Pragmaticapproach
2.4Narratologicalapproach
2.5Cognitiveapproach
2.6Summary
Chapter3DeixisandTextworldtheory
3.1Introduction
3.2Textworldtheory:preliminariesAbstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Preliminaries
1.2 Objectives and methodological considerations
1.3 Outline of the dissertation
Chapter 2 Previous Research on Deixis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Philosophical approach
2.3 Pragmatic approach
2.4 Narratological approach
2.5 Cognitive approach
2.6 Summary
Chapter 3 Deixis and Text world theory
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Text world theory: preliminaries
3.3 Layers of worlds
3.4 Developments in Text world theory
3.5 Deixis in Text world theory
3.5.1 Working definition and categories of deixis
3.5.2 Defining the text world
3.5.3 Switching the text world
3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 Deixis as World-Builders: Difficui in Identi Construction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The polyphony of Carroll's work
4.3 Deictic reference and the definition of a text world
4.4 Non-referential deixis in the text world
4.4.1 Referentiality of deictic expressions
4.4.2 Deictic terms referring to nothing
4.5 Predicament in reference
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5 Shift of Deictic Fields: A Chain of Dreams
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Allocentric operations in spatial orientation
5.3 Shift of deictic fields and reader involvement
5.3.1 Deictic field
5.3.2 Distinction between pushes and pops
5.3.3 Boundaries between different deictic fields
5.4 Framing of the text world
5.5 Deictic fields in the Alice books
5.6 Summary
Chapter 6 Representing the Deictic System with Vectors
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conceptualization of text
6.3 Three-dimensional coordinate system
6.3.1 S-axis
6.3.2 T-axis
6.3.3 E-axis
6.4 Axis shift
6.5 Representing the conceptual space in the Alice books
6.6 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion
7.1 Major findings
7.2 Limitations and points for future research
Bibliography
AcknowledgementsFor quite a long period of time, the philosophical circles have been involved in hot debates over a broad range of issues concerning deixis, such as the assignment of truth-conditions to sentences containing indexicals, the " Stand- ard Account " of deixis, the way sentences containing indexicals are cognitively processed and interpreted, etc. Since the emphasis of the present research is not on the philosophical aspect of deixis, and besides, the following chapters will be engaged in the effect of perspective or positioning in interpreting narra- tive texts, the focus here is only on the philosophers' work on perspectival aspect of deixis, from which we may get a sense of the origin of this study.
The perspectival aspect of deictic terms is clear in the difference between the expressions " today " and "February 25, 2003 ". Both expressions can be used to refer to a particular day, but only the former one encodes information about the point of view taken on the day referred to. Someone who appropri- ately uses the latter expression might be referring to a day in the past. the present or the future. The meaning of the expression does not tell us anything about the perspective or point of view that the speaker has toward the day referred to. But somebody who properly uses the former expression ro pick out February 25, 2003 will be referring to a day that is present. Even if both expressions are employed to pick out the same day, one learns something about the perspective taken on the day referred to only from the use of the indexical.
Ccmtrasting expressions like "I" , " you " and " he " with names like " Paul '. , it seems apparent that at least many deictic expressions cncode some sort of perspective on what they are' used to refer to. It is controversial whcther this aspect is essential to deixis, as will be seen For the present, it is enough to note that many indexicals do have a perspectival aspect The question is why that is interesting. Hist:orically, nseveral interconnecte,d issues have given rise to an interest in the perspectival aspect of deixis.
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